內容

• DropArea 類定義
• DropArea 類實現
• DropSiteWindow 類定義
• DropSiteWindow 類實現
• main() 函數

掉落站點範例

範例展示如何區分可用於拖放操作中的各種 MIME (多用途 Internet 郵件擴展) 格式。

The Drop Site example accepts drops from other applications, and displays the MIME formats provided by the drag object.

There are two classes, DropArea and DropSiteWindow ，和 main() function in this example. A DropArea object is instantiated in DropSiteWindow ; a DropSiteWindow object is then invoked in the main() 函數。

DropArea 類定義

The DropArea 類是子類化的 QLabel 具有公共槽 clear() ，和 changed() 信號。

class DropArea : public QLabel
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit DropArea(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
public slots:
    void clear();
signals:
    void changed(const QMimeData *mimeData = nullptr);
					

此外， DropArea also contains a private instance of QLabel and reimplementations of four QWidget 事件處理程序：

1. dragEnterEvent()
2. dragMoveEvent()
3. dragLeaveEvent()
4. dropEvent()

These event handlers are further explained in the implementation of the DropArea 類。

protected:
    void dragEnterEvent(QDragEnterEvent *event) override;
    void dragMoveEvent(QDragMoveEvent *event) override;
    void dragLeaveEvent(QDragLeaveEvent *event) override;
    void dropEvent(QDropEvent *event) override;
private:
    QLabel *label;
};
					
					

DropArea 類實現

在 DropArea 構造函數，設置 最小大小 為 200x200 像素， 框架樣式 to both QFrame::Sunken and QFrame::StyledPanel , and we align its contents to the center.

DropArea::DropArea(QWidget *parent)
    : QLabel(parent)
{
    setMinimumSize(200, 200);
    setFrameStyle(QFrame::Sunken | QFrame::StyledPanel);
    setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter);
    setAcceptDrops(true);
    setAutoFillBackground(true);
    clear();
}
					

Also, we enable drop events in DropArea by setting the acceptDrops 特性到 true . Then, we enable the autoFillBackground property and invoke the clear() 函數。

The dragEnterEvent() event handler is called when a drag is in progress and the mouse enters the DropArea 對象。對於 DropSite example, when the mouse enters DropArea , we set its text to "<drop content>" and highlight its background.

void DropArea::dragEnterEvent(QDragEnterEvent *event)
{
    setText(tr("<drop content>"));
    setBackgroundRole(QPalette::Highlight);
    event->acceptProposedAction();
    emit changed(event->mimeData());
}
					

Then, we invoke acceptProposedAction() on event , setting the drop action to the one proposed. Lastly, we emit the changed() signal, with the data that was dropped and its MIME type information as a parameter.

For dragMoveEvent() , we just accept the proposed QDragMoveEvent 對象， event ，采用 acceptProposedAction() .

void DropArea::dragMoveEvent(QDragMoveEvent *event)
{
    event->acceptProposedAction();
}
					

The DropArea class's implementation of dropEvent() 提取 event 's mime data and displays it accordingly.

void DropArea::dropEvent(QDropEvent *event)
{
    const QMimeData *mimeData = event->mimeData();
					

The mimeData object can contain one of the following objects: an image, HTML text, plain text, or a list of URLs.

    if (mimeData->hasImage()) {
        setPixmap(qvariant_cast<QPixmap>(mimeData->imageData()));
    } else if (mimeData->hasHtml()) {
        setText(mimeData->html());
        setTextFormat(Qt::RichText);
    } else if (mimeData->hasText()) {
        setText(mimeData->text());
        setTextFormat(Qt::PlainText);
    } else if (mimeData->hasUrls()) {
        QList<QUrl> urlList = mimeData->urls();
        QString text;
        for (int i = 0; i < urlList.size() && i < 32; ++i)
            text += urlList.at(i).path() + QLatin1Char('\n');
        setText(text);
    } else {
        setText(tr("Cannot display data"));
    }
					

• 若 mimeData 包含圖像，顯示它在 DropArea with setPixmap() .
• 若 mimeData 包含 HTML，顯示它采用 setText() 並設置 DropArea 的文本格式為 Qt::RichText .
• 若 mimeData 包含純文本，顯示它采用 setText() 並設置 DropArea 的文本格式為 Qt::PlainText . In the event that mimeData contains URLs, we iterate through the list of URLs to display them on individual lines.
• 若 mimeData contains other types of objects, we set DropArea 's text, with setText() to "Cannot display data" to inform the user.

We then set DropArea 's backgroundRole to QPalette::Dark and we accept event 's proposed action.

    setBackgroundRole(QPalette::Dark);
    event->acceptProposedAction();
}
					

The dragLeaveEvent() event handler is called when a drag is in progress and the mouse leaves the widget.

void DropArea::dragLeaveEvent(QDragLeaveEvent *event)
{
    clear();
    event->accept();
}
					

For DropArea 's implementation, we clear invoke clear() and then accept the proposed event.

The clear() function sets the text in DropArea to "<drop content>" and sets the backgroundRole to QPalette::Dark . Lastly, it emits the changed() 信號。

void DropArea::clear()
{
    setText(tr("<drop content>"));
    setBackgroundRole(QPalette::Dark);
    emit changed();
}
					
					

DropSiteWindow 類定義

The DropSiteWindow 類包含構造函數和公共槽 updateFormatsTable() .

class DropSiteWindow : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    DropSiteWindow();
public slots:
    void updateFormatsTable(const QMimeData *mimeData);
private:
    DropArea *dropArea;
    QLabel *abstractLabel;
    QTableWidget *formatsTable;
    QPushButton *clearButton;
    QPushButton *quitButton;
    QDialogButtonBox *buttonBox;
};
					

The class also contains a private instance of DropArea , dropArea , QLabel , abstractLabel , QTableWidget , formatsTable , QDialogButtonBox , buttonBox , and two QPushButton 對象， clearButton and quitButton .

DropSiteWindow 類實現

In the constructor of DropSiteWindow , we instantiate abstractLabel and set its wordWrap 特性到 true . We also call the adjustSize() function to adjust abstractLabel 's size according to its contents.

DropSiteWindow::DropSiteWindow()
{
    abstractLabel = new QLabel(tr("This example accepts drags from other "
                                  "applications and displays the MIME types "
                                  "provided by the drag object."));
    abstractLabel->setWordWrap(true);
    abstractLabel->adjustSize();
					

Then we instantiate dropArea 和連接它的 changed() signal to DropSiteWindow 's updateFormatsTable() 槽。

    dropArea = new DropArea;
    connect(dropArea, &DropArea::changed,
            this, &DropSiteWindow::updateFormatsTable);
					

現在設置 QTableWidget 對象， formatsTable . Its horizontal header is set using a QStringList 對象， labels . The number of columms are set to two and the table is not editable. Also, the formatTable 's horizontal header is formatted to ensure that its second column stretches to occupy additional space available.

    QStringList labels;
    labels << tr("Format") << tr("Content");
    formatsTable = new QTableWidget;
    formatsTable->setColumnCount(2);
    formatsTable->setEditTriggers(QAbstractItemView::NoEditTriggers);
    formatsTable->setHorizontalHeaderLabels(labels);
    formatsTable->horizontalHeader()->setStretchLastSection(true);
					

Two QPushButton 對象， clearButton and quitButton , are instantiated and added to buttonBox - a QDialogButtonBox object. We use QDialogButtonBox here to ensure that the push buttons are presented in a layout that conforms to the platform's style.

    clearButton = new QPushButton(tr("Clear"));
    quitButton = new QPushButton(tr("Quit"));
    buttonBox = new QDialogButtonBox;
    buttonBox->addButton(clearButton, QDialogButtonBox::ActionRole);
    buttonBox->addButton(quitButton, QDialogButtonBox::RejectRole);
    connect(quitButton, &QAbstractButton::clicked, this, &QWidget::close);
    connect(clearButton, &QAbstractButton::clicked, dropArea, &DropArea::clear);
					

The clicked() 信號對於 quitButton and clearButton 被連接到 close() and clear() ，分彆。

For the layout, we use a QVBoxLayout , mainLayout , to arrange our widgets vertically. We also set the window title to "Drop Site" and the minimum size to 350x500 pixels.

    QVBoxLayout *mainLayout = new QVBoxLayout(this);
    mainLayout->addWidget(abstractLabel);
    mainLayout->addWidget(dropArea);
    mainLayout->addWidget(formatsTable);
    mainLayout->addWidget(buttonBox);
    setWindowTitle(tr("Drop Site"));
    setMinimumSize(350, 500);
}
					

We move on to the updateFormatsTable() function. This function updates the formatsTable , displaying the MIME formats of the object dropped onto the DropArea object. First, we set QTableWidget 's rowCount property to 0. Then, we validate to ensure that the QMimeData object passed in is a valid object.

void DropSiteWindow::updateFormatsTable(const QMimeData *mimeData)
{
    formatsTable->setRowCount(0);
    if (!mimeData)
        return;
					

Once we are sure that mimeData is valid, we iterate through its supported formats using the foreach keyword . This keyword has the following format:

foreach(variable, container)
					

In our example, format 是 variable 和 container 是 QStringList , obtained from mimeData->formats() .

注意： The formats() function returns a QStringList object, containing all the formats supported by the mimeData .

    for (const QString &format : mimeData->formats()) {


QTableWidgetItem



*

formatItem

=


new



QTableWidgetItem


(format);
formatItem

-


>

setFlags(


Qt



::

ItemIsEnabled);
formatItem

-


>

setTextAlignment(


Qt



::

AlignTop

|



Qt



::

AlignLeft);
					

Within each iteration, we create a QTableWidgetItem , formatItem and we set its flags to Qt::ItemIsEnabled , and its 文本對齊 to Qt::AlignTop and Qt::AlignLeft .

A QString 對象， text , is customized to display data according to the contents of format . We invoke QString 's simplified() function on text , to obtain a string that has no additional space before, after or in between words.

        QString text;
        if (format == QLatin1String("text/plain")) {
            text = mimeData->text().simplified();
        } else if (format == QLatin1String("text/html")) {
            text = mimeData->html().simplified();
        } else if (format == QLatin1String("text/uri-list")) {
            QList<QUrl> urlList = mimeData->urls();
            for (int i = 0; i < urlList.size() && i < 32; ++i)
                text.append(urlList.at(i).toString() + QLatin1Char(' '));
        } else {
            QByteArray data = mimeData->data(format);
            for (int i = 0; i < data.size() && i < 32; ++i)
                text.append(QStringLiteral("%1 ").arg(uchar(data[i]), 2, 16, QLatin1Char('0')).toUpper());
        }
					

若 format contains a list of URLs, we iterate through them, using spaces to separate them. On the other hand, if format contains an image, we display the data by converting the text to hexadecimal.

        int row = formatsTable->rowCount();
        formatsTable->insertRow(row);
        formatsTable->setItem(row, 0, new QTableWidgetItem(format));
        formatsTable->setItem(row, 1, new QTableWidgetItem(text));
    }
    formatsTable->resizeColumnToContents(0);
}
					

一旦 text has been customized to contain the appropriate data, we insert both format and text into formatsTable with setItem() . Lastly, we invoke resizeColumnToContents() on formatsTable 's first column.

main() 函數

在 main() 函數，實例化 DropSiteWindow 並援引其 show() 函數。

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QApplication app(argc, argv);
    DropSiteWindow window;
    window.show();
    return app.exec();
}
					

文件：

• draganddrop/dropsite/droparea.cpp
• draganddrop/dropsite/droparea.h
• draganddrop/dropsite/dropsite.pro
• draganddrop/dropsite/dropsitewindow.cpp
• draganddrop/dropsite/dropsitewindow.h
• draganddrop/dropsite/main.cpp