Qt WebEngine 平颱注意事項

從源代碼構建 Qt WebEngine

靜態構建不被支持。

分彆列齣從源代碼構建 Qt 5 模塊的要求,對於各個支持平颱:

此外,需要以下工具為構建 Qt WebEngine 模塊:

跳過 Qt WebEngine 構建的測試位於 qtwebengine 存儲庫,在 tools\qmake\mkspecs 子目錄。可以找到它們通過搜索 skipBuild .

所有平颱

所有平颱都需要下列工具:

  • Python 2.7.5 或更高版本。不支持 Python 3。
  • Bison, Flex
  • GPerf

Windows

在 Windows,需要以下額外工具:

  • Visual Studio 2017 v15.8 或更高版本
  • Windows 10 SDK

Qt WebEngine 隻能在帶有 x64 位工具鏈的 64 位 Windows 中進行構建。為構建用於 x86 應用程序的 Qt WebEngine,需要采用 Visual Studio 2017 x64 to x86 交叉編譯工具鏈來配置和編譯 Qt。可以在命令行中設置此工具鏈,通過運行 vcvarsall.bat amd64_x86 .

Linux

在 Linux,需要 Clang 或 GCC 第 5 版或更高版本。支持配置 linux-g++ and linux-clang .

Qt WebEngine 要求 pkg-config 以檢測其大多數依賴。以下 pkg-config 文件要求:

  • dbus-1
  • fontconfig

若 Qt 被配置為 xcb ,以下 pkg-config 文件也是必需的:

  • libdrm
  • xcomposite
  • xcursor
  • xi
  • xrandr
  • xscrnsaver
  • xtst

進一步,開發包為 khr and libcap 需要安裝。

macOS

On macOS ,需要下列:

注意: Qt WebEngine cannot be built for the 32-bit mode of macOS (using the macx-clang-32 mkspec ).

使用早期 Qt 版本構建 Qt WebEngine

Building Qt WebEngine with earlier Qt versions (down to the last LTS version) is supported. It means that Qt WebEngine 5.11 can be built with Qt 5.9.x, Qt 5.10.x, and Qt 5.11.

要使用早期 Qt 版本構建 Qt Webengine:

  1. 下載 qtwebengine 源代碼。
  2. 從早期 Qt 版本運行 qmake && make (&& make install) .

Mac APP 商店兼容性

Applications using Qt WebEngine are not compatible with the Mac App Store, because:

  • The Chromium part of the code uses several private API methods, which are prohibited by the App Store.
  • Applications submitted to the App Store must be code-signed with the App Sandbox feature enabled. The App Sandbox feature interferes with Chromium's own sandbox initialization, which results in Chromium not being properly initialized. This also ties in with the private API usage. Furthermore, standalone Chromium itself is not officially tested with the App Sandbox enabled, and even if work is done to bypass the App Store's restrictions, that would not guarantee correct behavior of the library.

支持帶雙 GPU 的 MacBook macOS Airplay

To make Qt WebEngine work correctly when streaming to an AppleTV from a MacBook that supports GPU switching, it is important to add the NSSupportsAutomaticGraphicsSwitching option to the application Info.plist file, with the value set to YES . Otherwise rendering issues might occur when creating new web engine view instances after Airplay is switched on or off.

默認支持 QSurfaceFormat OpenGL Profile (配置文件)

If a new default QSurfaceFormat with a modified OpenGL profile has to be set, it should be set before the application instance is declared, to make sure that all created OpenGL contexts use the same OpenGL profile.

On macOS , if the default QSurfaceFormat is set after the application instance, the application will exit with qFatal (), and print a message that the default QSurfaceFormat should be set before the application instance.

沙盒支持

Qt WebEngine provides out-of-the-box sandboxing support for Chromium render processes on Linux and macOS . Sandboxing is currently not supported on Windows due to a limitation in how the sandbox is set up and how it interacts with the host process provided by the Qt WebEngine libraries.

On macOS , there are no special requirements for enabling sandbox support.

On Linux, the kernel has to support the anonymous namespaces feature (kernel version >= 3.8) and seccomp-bpf feature (kernel version >= 3.5). Setuid sandboxes are not supported and are thus disabled.

To explicitly disable sandboxing, the QTWEBENGINE_DISABLE_SANDBOX environment variable can be set to 1 or alternatively the --no-sandbox command line argument can be passed to the user application executable.

可訪問性和性能

Qt WebEngine enables accessibility support for web pages when the following conditions are met:

  • Qt Core is configured and built with accessibility support enabled.
  • The QPA plugin is notified by the operating system that accessibility should be activated. This happens for example when using a screen reader application on Windows or VoiceOver on macOS .

Due to some limitations, the Linux QPA plugin almost always reports that accessibility should be activated. On big HTML pages, this can cause a significant slowdown in rendering speed.

Because of that, from Qt 5.9 onwards, Qt WebEngine accessibility support is disabled by default on Linux. It can be re-enabled by setting the QTWEBENGINE_ENABLE_LINUX_ACCESSIBILITY environment variable to a non-empty value.

Windows 全屏應用程序中的彈齣窗口

Because of a limitation in the Windows compositor, applications that show a fullscreen web engine view will not properly display popups or other top-level windows. The reason and workaround for the issue can be found at 基於 OpenGL 的窗口全屏 and QWindowsWindowFunctions::setHasBorderInFullScreen .